This chapter addresses five different nations. Here are some key points regarding a few of them:

Amon: The prophet accuses Amon of attempting to seize the territory of Yehuda and Israel: "Concerning the Ammonites, this is what the Lord said: ‘Does Israel have no children? Does he have no heir? Why then did their king possess Gad and their people settle in its towns?" (49:1). We previously noted Amon’s involvement in the assassination of Gedalyahu and the final destruction of Yehuda, and it appears that these events were part of a long-standing border dispute.

Edom: This prophecy employs unusually harsh expressions of animosity and foretells Edom’s destruction, likening it to the fate of Sedom and Amora. Several phrases in this prophecy also appear in the Book of Ovadya’s prophecy against Edom, such as the words spoken by Edom’s enemies: "We have heard tidings from the Lord: and an envoy has been sent among the nations, 'Come, let us rise up in battle against her!'" (Ovadya 1:1), as well as the indictment: "The arrogance of your heart deceived you, you who dwell in the cliff’s niches." (Ovadya 1:1). Edom was a mountainous land, and its people relied on their fortified dwell in the cliff’s niches to protect them. Indeed, Nevukhadnetzar did not even attempt to conquer Edom, but Yirmiyahu assures them that their downfall will come.

Damascus, Kedar, Eilam: Babylonian inscriptions describe punitive military campaigns in which the king of Babylon struck these nations. It is likely that these were the nations that sought to form a coalition with Yehuda against Babylon. These prophecies, then, were intended for the people of Yehuda, conveying the message that any attempt at rebellion would fail, and that destruction would come upon all who opposed Babylon.